The sphere of Binah is associated with the creation aspect
of God. The divine name associated with Binah is Elohim. Binah translates as
Understanding, and the lesson of this sphere of the Qabalah is to understand the
God of Creation. Man was created in the image of God, and therefore we share
many traits with Him. Since the creation of the world seems [to us] to have been
formed out of a magical and mysterious process, some people have an inherent
desire to explore the magical arts or the occult – seeking to emulate the
creative aspect of God within us (as will be discussed in the path of the
magician connecting Binah and Kether).
God created man by breathing His own breath into him, and man became a living
soul (Genesis 2:7). The divine spark within us intimately connects each of us to
God, and the indwelling of the Holy Spirit intensifies that link. As we seek to
purify our souls and grow in character, we must gain Wisdom and Understanding;
we must understand the need for Mercy, the need for Justice, and the appropriate
balance between them. We must obtain Victory over sin if we are to enter into
God’s Glory. Understanding these aspects of God, and the example that Christ
left for us can aid us in transforming ourselves into what we are called to
become (Romans 8:29).
In graphical depictions of the Qabalah, the sphere of Binah is colored black.
The color black represents a combination of all other colors, but each
individual color is veiled within it. Binah represents veiled or hidden
understanding, and a deeper understanding of the events/concepts contained in
God’s creation/plan than what may be readily identifiable on the surface. In
this study, we will examine patterns in and the logic found in God’s
foreordained plan.
The entire Bible contains the logic of God; this chapter will focus solely on
how Jesus fits into God’s plan, and more specifically, how the lives of
individuals in the Bible paralleled the life of Christ, foreshadowed key events
in His life, and/or paved the way for His purpose. This study deals with
predestination and foreordination, and will address God’s plan or purpose, which
was determined before the foundation of the world.
In the beginning was the logic/concept/plan; the concept was with God in the
beginning and the plan was God’s. God’s plan has existed since the beginning.
All things take place according to God’s plan, and apart from God’s plan nothing
takes place that has taken place.
The above is a paraphrase of the first few verses in the Book of John.
Traditionally, the Logos is translated as ‘Word’ and as a personified title.
Logos is the Greek word from which we derived the English words ‘Logic’ and
‘Logo’ – referring to concepts and symbols/representations of concepts.
Regardless of how you interpret the Logos in the Book of John, God’s son Jesus
has been a central aspect of God’s plan since the foundation of the world.
Matthew 13:34-36 All these things Jesus spoke to the crowds in parables, and He
did not speak to them without a parable. This was to fulfill what was spoken
through the prophet: "I WILL OPEN MY MOUTH IN PARABLES; I WILL UTTER THINGS
HIDDEN SINCE THE FOUNDATION OF THE WORLD."
God’s plan has been in place since the beginning, and was not fully understood
or revealed to previous generations.
John 17:24 "Father, I desire that they also, whom You have given Me, be with Me
where I am, so that they may see My glory which You have given Me, for You loved
Me before the foundation of the world.
Hebrews 4:3 For we who have believed enter that rest, just as He has said, "AS I
SWORE IN MY WRATH, THEY SHALL NOT ENTER MY REST, "although His works were
finished from the foundation of the world.
1 Peter 1:19-21 but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless,
the blood of Christ. For He was foreknown before the foundation of the world,
but has appeared in these last times for the sake of you who through Him are
believers in God, who raised Him from the dead and gave Him glory, so that your
faith and hope are in God.
Revelation 13:8 All who dwell on the earth will worship him, whose names have
not been written in the Book of Life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of
the world.
Acts 2:23 this Man, delivered over by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge
of God, you nailed to a cross by the hands of godless men and put Him to death.
1 Corinthians 2:7-8 but we speak God's wisdom in a mystery, the hidden wisdom
which God predestined before the ages to our glory; the wisdom which none of the
rulers of this age has understood; for if they had understood it they would not
have crucified the Lord of glory;
Jesus plays a central role in God’s plan, and the events of His life were
ordained by God before the foundation of the world (and were foreshadowed by
events in the lives of others). Jesus was given glory and love by God, because
He was the Lamb slain before the foundation of the world. Jesus wasn’t actually
slain before the world began, but He was ordained or predestined to be since
that time. God foreknew and loved Jesus before He was born; similar to how God
loved Jacob and hated Esau prior to their births, and before they had yet done
anything good or bad (Romans 9:13). Before the world began, the works that Jesus
would do, were considered to have already been completed actions in God’s plan.
God ordained the final outcomes of every individual prior to creating the world;
some were destined for honor and others for dishonor (2 Timothy 2:20, Romans
9:21).
Matthew 25:34 "Then the King will say to those on His right, 'Come, you who are
blessed of My Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation
of the world.
Ephesians 1:4-6 just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world,
that we would be holy and blameless before Him In love He predestined us to
adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the kind
intention of His will, to the praise of the glory of His grace, which He freely
bestowed on us in the Beloved.
Romans 8:28-31 And we know that God causes all things to work together for good
to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose. For
those whom He foreknew, He also predestined to become conformed to the image of
His Son, so that He would be the firstborn among many brethren; and these whom
He predestined, He also called; and these whom He called, He also justified; and
these whom He justified, He also glorified. What then shall we say to these
things? If God is for us, who is against us?
Like Jesus, every individual person has their specific roles to play in God’s
preordained plan. Though some religions – such as Mormons – claim that prior to
creation we existed as angels – only to have our memories erased so that we can
live human lives – it is more plausible that we existed in God’s plan, concept,
and purpose. We may not have existed as preincarnate beings, but we were
destined to be called and chosen to enter the kingdom – solely by God’s grace.
Jesus is central to God’s plan. It is almost as if God created the world in
order to glorify His Son and establish Him as the ruler of it. The lives of many
of God’s servants paralleled/mimicked the events of Christ’s life, and provided
a foreshadowing of Christ’s purpose and the work He would accomplish. Of course,
the entire Bible reveals Christ to us and helps us to understand God. This study
will focus only on a few of the major characters in the Bible whose lives seem
to be interrelated/interconnected with Jesus Christ.
Abraham and Sarah traveled to the Promised Land (Genesis 12:1) and were diverted
to Egypt in order to avoid a famine (Genesis 12:10). Similar to Joseph and Mary
(Matthew 2:13), Abraham and Sarah fled to Egypt to escape from a danger. Abraham
and Sarah would then return to the Promised Land to give birth to a miraculous
child (Genesis 17:19) (Isaac – who would born when Sarah was past her child
bearing years) who God would form an everlasting covenant with and as Abraham’s
only begotten son, he would be offered as a sacrifice (Genesis 22:2, Hebrews
11:17) to God (though an angel prevented the sacrifice). Similarly, Jesus would
return from Egypt, establish a New Covenant in His Blood, and would serve as a
sacrificial lamb (Genesis 22:6, 1 John 4:9, Hebrews 11:17, Luke 22:20, John
3:16). Some of the events in Isaac’s life and the events of Passover (Exodus
12:1-11) are directly related to Jesus’ life and purpose.
Hebrews 11:17 By faith Abraham, when God tested him, offered Isaac as a
sacrifice. He who had embraced the promises was about to sacrifice his one and
only son
1 John 4:9 This is how God showed his love among us: He sent his one and only
Son into the world that we might live through him.
God tested Abraham by basically saying, ‘If you love me, sacrifice your son.’ To
display His love for us, God sacrificed His son for us (John 3:16). Because the
Egyptians killed all of the Hebrew sons (Exodus 1:22), God punished them by
killing every first born son in the land of Egypt (Exodus 12:12) – an event
commemorated by the Feast of Passover, which is the meal that Jesus ate prior to
His crucifixion (Matthew 26:17) and where He established the Blood of the New
Covenant (Luke 22:20). The New Covenant being that Jesus would become the
sacrificial lamb of the Passover in order to save His followers (who were
predestined/foreordained) from death (Revelations 13:8).
Isaac fathered Jacob who would go on to father the 12 tribes of Israel. Joseph’s
life also has many similarities to the life of Jesus. Joseph was a shepherd and
reported to his father the evil deeds of his brother; Joseph’s father loved
Joseph more than all his other children (similar to how Abraham had other sons,
yet Isaac was considered his only begotten, because Isaac was the one he loved)
(Genesis 37:2-3). Jesus referred to Himself as the ‘Good Shepherd’ (John 10:11),
Jesus rebuked those around Him for their evil (Matthew 9:4), and He was God’s
beloved son in whom He was well pleased (Matthew 3:17). Joseph would tell his
brothers of a dream he had in which they would all one day bow down to him
(Genesis 37:9); similarly, in the future, every knee will bow to Jesus
(Philippians 2:10). Like the Chief Priests and the Pharisees’ response to Jesus’
message, Joseph’s brothers were jealous and rejected his claim that he would one
day rule over them – so they sought to kill him (Genesis 37:19-20, Matthew
26:59, Matthew 19:14).
Joseph was sold for 20 shekels of silver (Genesis 37:20); Jesus was sold for 30
pieces of silver (Matthew 27:3). Joseph was falsely accused of and condemned for
a crime (Genesis 39:19-21), Jesus was also condemned by false testimony (Mark
14:57, 15:3). To cover their crime, Joseph’s brothers claimed that he had been
killed by an evil beast when tending the sheep (Genesis 37:33); Jesus taught the
parable of the Good Shepherd, and described the Good Shepherd as someone willing
to die defending the sheep from the wolves (John 10:11) – though neither Jesus
or Joseph were literally killed by wolves while defending actual sheep. Due to
the betrayal of his brothers, Joseph started a new life in Egypt; as time went
on, he was given great authority in Egypt (Genesis 41:41). Jesus was betrayed by
one of His disciples (Judas) and condemned and resurrected, and now all
authority has been given unto Him (Ephesians 1:20-22, Revelations 5:12).
Due to another famine, the Hebrews again needed to travel to Egypt for their
survival (Genesis 42:1). Joseph’s prediction came true and his brothers did bow
down to him, and he was placed in a position where he could punish them for
their sins (Genesis 41:21). From Jacob’s point of view, his beloved son had died
defending the sheep, but he later learns that his son now lives and has been
given authority to either rescue his people or condemn them; this is similar to
Christ’s death and resurrection, followed by Him being granted authority to save
or condemn sinners.
When Moses was born Pharaoh had ordered all male Hebrew children to be killed at
birth (Exodus 1:16-22), so Moses was placed in a basket and found and raised by
Pharaoh’s daughter – where he escaped death by hiding in an Egyptian household
(Exodus 2:3-5). When Jesus was born, His family escaped to Egypt, because King
Herod had ordered all male children two years old and younger to be killed
(Matthew 2:13-16). Moses would serve as God’s spokesmen, perform miracles, and
would aid in saving his people from bondage. Jesus delivered the word of God to
the Lost Sheep of Israel, performed miracles, and saved his people from the
bondage of sin. The events of Passover were deeply related to the mission of
Christ (Exodus 12:1-11).
Moses later lifted up a bronze serpent in the desert, so that anyone who looked
at the serpent lifted up on the tree would have the punishment for their sins
removed (Numbers 21:6-9); the serpent in the tree relates to the tempter in the
Garden of Eden and Original Sin (Genesis 3:1-4) and the bronze serpent is an
example of sin judged, which would be fulfilled by Christ (John 3:14). Moses
would start God’s people on a journey out of bondage, which would eventually
turn into a military campaign to reclaim the Promised Land. Jesus’ life and
death paralleled many aspects of the life of Moses, and both concluded with
people being freed from bondage and awaiting a war to reclaim the Promised Land
(Numbers 20:12, Deuteronomy 1:37-39, Joshua 1:2, Revelations 19:11-21).
King David is another individual whose life is deeply intertwined with Jesus.
King David provides an example of the Good Shepherd in action.
1 Samuel 17:34-36 But David said to Saul, “Your servant has been keeping his
father’s sheep. When a lion or a bear came and carried off a sheep from the
flock, I went after it, struck it and rescued the sheep from its mouth. When it
turned on me, I seized it by its hair, struck it and killed it. Your servant has
killed both the lion and the bear; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like
one of them, because he has defied the armies of the living God.
King David was a ‘mighty man of valor’ and a ‘man of war’ (1 Samuel 16:18).
David defended his father’s flock and later defended God’s people from their
enemies. King David represents the justice aspect of God, and serves as a model
for the role Christ will play when He leads the Armies of Heaven in the final
battle to establish justice on earth (Revelations 19:11). While on earth, Jesus
revealed the scriptures and God’s message of salvation to the Lost Sheep of
Israel. He taught forgiveness and empathy for our fellowman, but that was only
one aspect of Christ’s purpose. Christ did not come to bring peace to the earth,
but a sword (Matthew 10:34, Revelations 6:4).
Contemporary Christians will often ignore the harsher aspects/passages of the
Bible (such as those relating to justice), but these things are key traits of
God and one cannot truly be a follower of God or Christ without accepting these
basic aspects of their personalities. It is true that King David fought many
wars and killed many people, but at the appointed time, Jesus will lead the
Armies of Heaven to liberate the Holy Land very similar to the events in King
David’s life.
Revelation 19:11-21 I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white
horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True. With justice he judges and wages
war. His eyes are like blazing fire, and on his head are many crowns. He has a
name written on him that no one knows but he himself. He is dressed in a robe
dipped in blood, and his name is the Word of God. The armies of heaven were
following him, riding on white horses and dressed in fine linen, white and
clean. Coming out of his mouth is a sharp sword with which to strike down the
nations. “He will rule them with an iron scepter.” He treads the winepress of
the fury of the wrath of God Almighty. On his robe and on his thigh he has this
name written: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS. And I saw an angel standing in
the sun, who cried in a loud voice to all the birds flying in midair, “Come,
gather together for the great supper of God, so that you may eat the flesh of
kings, generals, and the mighty, of horses and their riders, and the flesh of
all people, free and slave, great and small.” Then I saw the beast and the kings
of the earth and their armies gathered together to wage war against the rider on
the horse and his army. But the beast was captured, and with it the false
prophet who had performed the signs on its behalf. With these signs he had
deluded those who had received the mark of the beast and worshiped its image.
The two of them were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur. The
rest were killed with the sword coming out of the mouth of the rider on the
horse, and all the birds gorged themselves on their flesh.
Revelations 14:14-20 I looked, and there before me was a white cloud, and seated
on the cloud was one like a son of man with a crown of gold on his head and a
sharp sickle in his hand. Then another angel came out of the temple and called
in a loud voice to him who was sitting on the cloud, “Take your sickle and reap,
because the time to reap has come, for the harvest of the earth is ripe.” So he
who was seated on the cloud swung his sickle over the earth, and the earth was
harvested. Another angel came out of the temple in heaven, and he too had a
sharp sickle. Still another angel, who had charge of the fire, came from the
altar and called in a loud voice to him who had the sharp sickle, “Take your
sharp sickle and gather the clusters of grapes from the earth’s vine, because
its grapes are ripe.” The angel swung his sickle on the earth, gathered its
grapes and threw them into the great winepress of God’s wrath. They were
trampled in the winepress outside the city, and blood flowed out of the press,
rising as high as the horses’ bridles for a distance of 1,600 stadia
Another relevant association between King David and Jesus is the fact the Jesus
is destined to sit on King David’s throne.
Acts 4:27-28 "For truly in this city there were gathered together against Your
holy servant Jesus, whom You anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, along with
the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, to do whatever Your hand and your
purpose predestined to occur.”
1 Samuel 13:14 "But now your kingdom shall not endure The LORD has sought out
for Himself a man after His own heart, and the LORD has appointed him as ruler
over His people, because you have not kept what the LORD commanded you."
Acts 13:22 "After He had removed him, He raised up David to be their king,
concerning whom He also testified and said, 'I HAVE FOUND DAVID the son of
Jesse, A MAN AFTER MY HEART, who will do all My will.'
Psalm 89:20-29 I have found David my servant; with my sacred oil I have anointed
him. My hand will sustain him; surely my arm will strengthen him. The enemy will
not get the better of him; the wicked will not oppress him. I will crush his
foes before him and strike down his adversaries. My faithful love will be with
him, and through my name his horn will be exalted. I will set his hand over the
sea, his right hand over the rivers. He will call out to me, ‘You are my Father,
my God, the Rock my Savior.’ And I will appoint him to be my firstborn, the most
exalted of the kings of the earth. I will maintain my love to him forever, and
my covenant with him will never fail. I will establish his line forever, his
throne as long as the heavens endure.
Before rejecting King David as a harsh warrior whose actions might seem
repugnant to contemporary Christianity; it is important to note that David was a
man after God’s own heart. God approved of David’s actions and found him to be a
faithful servant in all matters, except in the matter of Uriah the Hittite.
1 Kings 11:38 'Then it will be, that if you listen to all that I command you and
walk in My ways, and do what is right in My sight by observing My statutes and
My commandments, as My servant David did, then I will be with you and build you
an enduring house as I built for David, and I will give Israel to you.
1 Kings 14:8 and tore the kingdom away from the house of David and gave it to
you-- yet you have not been like My servant David, who kept My commandments and
who followed Me with all his heart, to do only that which was right in My sight;
1 Kings 15:4-5 Nevertheless, for David’s sake the LORD his God gave him a lamp
in Jerusalem by raising up a son to succeed him and by making Jerusalem strong.
For David had done what was right in the eyes of the LORD and had not failed to
keep any of the LORD’s commands all the days of his life—except in the case of
Uriah the Hittite.
Jesus is portrayed in the New Testament as being faithful to God’s will and
without sin. Likewise, King David was God’s faithful servant throughout his
lifetime in all but one occasion (for which is suffered greatly). King David was
God’s anointed King, and God promised to establish an everlasting kingdom
through the descendants of King David.
Psalm 89:35-37 Once for all, I have sworn by my holiness— and I will not lie to
David—that his line will continue forever and his throne endure before me like
the sun; it will be established forever like the moon, the faithful witness in
the sky.”
Isaiah 11:1-5 A shoot will come up from the stump of Jesse; from his roots a
Branch will bear fruit. The Spirit of the LORD will rest on him— the Spirit of
wisdom and of understanding, the Spirit of counsel and of might, the Spirit of
the knowledge and fear of the LORD— and he will delight in the fear of the LORD.
He will not judge by what he sees with his eyes, or decide by what he hears with
his ears; but with righteousness he will judge the needy, with justice he will
give decisions for the poor of the earth. He will strike the earth with the rod
of his mouth; with the breath of his lips he will slay the wicked. Righteousness
will be his belt and faithfulness the sash around his waist.
Isaiah 9:6-7 For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; And the
government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called Wonderful,
Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of the increase of
His government and peace there will be no end, Upon the throne of David and over
His kingdom, To order it and establish it with judgment and justice From that
time forward, even forever. The zeal of the Lord of hosts will perform this.
2 Samuel 7:15-16 “but My lovingkindness shall not depart from him, as I took it
away from Saul, whom I removed from before you. "Your house and your kingdom
shall endure before Me forever; your throne shall be established forever.”
1 Kings 9:4-5 Now if you walk before Me as your father David walked, in
integrity of heart and in uprightness, to do according to all that I have
commanded you, and if you keep My statutes and My judgments, then I will
establish the throne of your kingdom over Israel forever, as I promised David
your father, saying, ‘You shall not fail to have a man on the throne of Israel.’
Psalm 45:6-7 Your throne, O God, is forever and ever; A scepter of uprightness
is the scepter of Your kingdom. You have loved righteousness and hated
wickedness; Therefore God, Your God, has anointed You with the oil of joy above
Your fellows.
The Kingdom of David did not last long after his death, but God will keep His
promise to King David by establishing Jesus – as one of David’s descendants – to
sit on David’s throne forever. The words ‘Christ’ and ‘Messiah’ refers to an
anointed king. Many people do not understand the meaning of these terms and also
mix up the terms LORD (which when written in the Bible in all capital letters is
referring to the Tetragrammaton or four letter name of God) with lord (which is
translated from adonai or dominus, meaning master or sir). The terms ‘Christ’
and ‘Messiah’ do not refer to a member of the Catholic godhead, but refers to an
anointed king who in Hebrews prophecies will reestablish the throne of David and
rule in the Holy Land. Jews do not believe that Jesus was the Messiah, because
Jesus did not (yet) do what the Messiah is supposed to do.
Christians recognize that during Jesus’ life He fulfilled His role of the
Passover Lamb, but Christ’s role as the conquering Messiah King has not happen
yet, and will not happen until the prophecies in the Book of Revelations are
fulfilled – though we do recognize that Christ’s work is already finished,
because He is predestined to fulfill this role in God’s foreordained plan. Jesus
has been given all authority in Heaven and on Earth (Ephesians 1:20-22,
Revelations 5:12), but Jesus does not occupy God’s throne – Jesus sits at God’s
right hand and will rule from the throne of David, which will be reinstituted as
an everlasting kingdom (in fulfillment of God’s promise) at the Second Coming of
Christ. Besides the prophecies in the Old Testament, the New Testament also
refers to Jesus as being a king who will sit on the throne of King David.
Luke 1:31-33 You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him
Jesus. He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High. The Lord
God will give him the throne of his father David, and he will reign over Jacob’s
descendants forever; his kingdom will never end.”
Luke 23:1-3 Then the whole body of them got up and brought Him before Pilate.
And they began to accuse Him, saying, "We found this man misleading our nation
and forbidding to pay taxes to Caesar, and saying that He Himself is Christ, a
King." So Pilate asked Him, saying, "Are You the King of the Jews?" And He
answered him and said, "It is as you say."
Matthew 16:13-18 When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked
his disciples, “Who do people say the Son of Man is?” They replied, “Some say
John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the
prophets.” “But what about you?” he asked. “Who do you say I am?” Simon Peter
answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.”
John 19:19-21 Pilate also wrote an inscription and put it on the cross. It was
written, "JESUS THE NAZARENE, THE KING OF THE JEWS." Therefore many of the Jews
read this inscription, for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the
city; and it was written in Hebrew, Latin and in Greek. So the chief priests of
the Jews were saying to Pilate, "Do not write, 'The King of the Jews'; but that
He said, 'I am King of the Jews.'"
Matthew 19:28 Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, at the renewal of all
things, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed
me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
Revelation 21:2-4 I saw the Holy City, the New Jerusalem, coming down out of
heaven from God, prepared as a bride beautifully dressed for her husband. And I
heard a loud voice from the throne saying, “Look! God’s dwelling place is now
among the people, and he will dwell with them. They will be his people, and God
himself will be with them and be their God. ‘He will wipe every tear from their
eyes. There will be no more death’ or mourning or crying or pain, for the old
order of things has passed away.”
Revelation 22:3 No longer will there be any curse. The throne of God and of the
Lamb will be in the city, and his servants will serve him
The Book of Revelations states that New Jerusalem will have two thrones – one
for God and one for the Lamb. Jesus is the Lamb and sits at the right hand of
God (on the throne of David). At the Second Coming of Christ, Jesus will lead
the Armies of Heaven, dispense justice, administer God’s wrath, and He will
reestablish the throne of David – fulfilling the Messiah prophecies for both the
Jews and the Christians at that time, and completing the master plan of God that
was written before the foundation of the world.
As one final parallel, during Jesus’ life, He sometimes referred to Himself as
the ‘Son of Man.’ Ezekiel is the only other person in the Bible besides Jesus
who is referred to by the personal title ‘Son of Man’. Like Ezekiel, Jesus
served as God’s messenger to warn the people to repent of their sins or face
judgment (Ezekiel 3:17). In the Book of Ezekiel, the good and the evil are
sealed for redemption by marks on their foreheads, in the same manner they are
in the Book of Revelations (Ezekiel 9:4-5, Revelations 7:2-3, 9:4, 14:1, 20:4,
22:4).
Both books also discuss the four living creatures (Ezekiel Ch 1, Revelations Ch
4-7). Ezekiel’s life was a foreshadowing of the ‘calling to repentance’ aspect
of Christ’s life, similar to how Moses represents the rescuing from bondage, and
David represents the avenging ruler aspects. Together and combined with many
other Biblical characters not covered in this chapter, the lives of these
individuals provided a foreshadowing of the insurmountable mission, purpose, and
role that Christ plays in God’s foreordained plan.